Research Proposal Essay

Introduction teenage warmheartedness ab recitation in Virginia is infra the analyze number according to a discover for the Department of insubstantial Health with the Department of Health & Human work (2011) teens in grades 9-12 break usage of inebriant at a rate of 18 pct comp ard to 20 percentage of the national average for having drank more than a a couple of(prenominal) sips in the beginning they were 13 years old. For Marijuana the rate was 32 percent of high school aged teenageds have utilise marijuana in their lifetime and that is also below the national average of 40 percent. inhalant usage was 10 percent with a national average of 11 percent, cocaine was listed at 3 percent directly coinciding with the national rate and lastly nonmedical practice of pain relievers was 7 percent higher(prenominal) than the national percentage of 6 percent (Department of Health & Human operate Office of childish Health, 2011). Literature ReviewIt is no secret that an someon es development take offs inwardly the environment he or she develops. However, questions begin to arise when one wonders how particular settings or environmental factors assume an various(prenominal)s development and to which degree these factors impact ones life. throw out investigation may be necessary when the stage of development of the one-on-one being studied is considered. Adolescence is a unique and critical stage in the development of every human being and organizations such as the Adolescent Substance Ab c altogether Know leadge Base (ASK) suggest that gist intake and ab office is at least an issue, if not a major task facing many adolescents. According to ASK the most commonly employ marrows for adolescents age 12 to 17 are baccy plant plant, alcoholic beverage, and marijuana. The ASKwebsite supports that claim with the pursuit statistics the national average age of first alcohol use is 15 years old, nationally 17.3% of youths have used tobacco plant plan t in the ahead of time(prenominal) month, and the national average annual incidence rate for marijuana use among youths is 6.3% (http//www.adolescent- significance- call.com/state-stats.html).A commonly held belief is that evokes or family factors underside often telephone the development of substance use and abuse by adolescents, one website as yet goes so far as to label recruits the Anti-Drug (http//www.theantido drugs.com). So what leads adolescents to develop a habit of using substances such as tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and others? Do parent and family factors play a role in behavior of their adolescent sons and daughters? The goal of this explore intention is to review the existing literature on parental and family factors and the impact these factors have on predicting the development of teen substance use and abuse. Most research has been done in the area of parental conference and pursuit in an adolescents life seeking to watch over how parenting can influen ce an adolescents substance use or abuse in a positive or negative manner. For example, Farrell and Kung (2000) apply a number of models to represent the relations between parenting practices, family structure, peer pressure, and drug use in a sample of 443 s veritable(a)th grade students. It is definitive to note that this study was conducted in an urban area, in which many of the subjects were stop as being from low-income families, also a high percentage of those researched were of African American descent.Over half of the adolescents surveyed lived within an intact family or a family with a single parent and extended family members living in the homogeneous household. An interesting decision of this study was that peer pressure was more strongly related to drug use than was parenting. That being said, parenting practices were also found to indurate the relationship between peer pressure and substance use. This means that parenting can serve as a defensive factor in that c hildren who notice sufficient parenting are recrudesce prepared to resist pressures from their peers to use substances than those who do not receive adequate parenting. Ennett, Bauman, Foshee, Pemberton, and Hicks (2001) explored communication between parents and adolescents regarding alcohol and tobacco use through a national study of 537 adolescent and parent pairs. The researchers investigated what was discussed between parent and child and howthat communication impacted the adolescents behavior. This data was gathered via phone contact on two separate occasions, with the second contact taking place one year afterwards the initial contact.There were a number of interesting findings from this study, one of which was that parents who smoke-cured tended to converse more regularly approximately antismoking rules than did parents who didnt smoke in comparison, parents who drank spoke less regularly approximately rules regarding alcohol use than those that didnt drink. The study actually produced evidence that parental conversations with adolescents about rules and consequences for alcohol and tobacco use may have caused adolescents who had already tried smoking or drinking to increase their use. Finally, the study also showed that while communication had humble in the way of positive effects on adolescent tobacco and alcohol use parental modeling was a much go predictor of an adolescents behavior. For example, parental smoking often direct to adolescent tobacco and alcohol use, and parental drinking forecasted the rise of alcohol use in many instances (Ennett, Bauman, Foshee, Pemberton, & Hicks, 2001).Another study on the parent-adolescent relationship, this by Wood, Read, Mitchell, and Brand (2004), used mail surveys to contact 578 late-adolescent subjects in the summer before entering college to research parental and peer influences on their alcohol use. The study revealed that men drank nearly twice as much as women, and to bring off for this known gender discrepancy the authors of the study considered gender in the equations used to calculate their final results. As was the case with similar previous studies, this study revealed that peer influences such as offerings of alcohol and perceived norms were associated with unconstructive consequences as related to alcohol use. The study further supported prior research by confirming that parental behaviors, attitudes, and values correlate directly with late-adolescent alcohol use and problems, and that perceived parental disapproval was associated with lower levels of alcohol use.As the previously discussed research suggests, parental sake in an adolescents life can significantly impact an adolescents attitudes and behaviors towards substance use and abuse. However, not all adolescents are fortunate enough to be brought up in environments where parental influences occupy a normal front end within their lives. It is important to consider the impacts of insufficient parenting or n ontraditional parenting arrangementson adolescent substance use. seek QuestionWill the rate of teen substance abuse decrease if there is more family betrothal within teen adolescence? HypothesisI hypothesize that the rate of teen substance abuse will decrease once there is parental battle in an adolescents years of development Research material bodyDepartment of Adolescent Health with the Department of Health & Human Services studied 361 individuals ages 14 to 17, all subjects came from two-parent and single parent families and were enlisted from within the Hampton roadstead area in which the study was to be conducted or from clinical preaching programs in the area. The purpose of this study was to wee-wee parental involvement measurements relevant to a childs adolescent lifetime, to differentiate adolescents who were for all hardheaded purposes neglected by their parents from others, and to examine the effects of parental involvement on adolescent behaviors involving drugs and alcohol. Through the use of cross-sectional studies, researchers analysis data from questionnaires. take in StrategiesThe try out method best used for this research would be non-probability sampling because it opens the opportunity to specify the participants to be researched. This sampling method allows the researcher to piddle a handpicked research group of participants. Data Collection MethodQuestionnaireA random sample of 361, 14-17 year olds, stratified by sex and cipher sector, was drawn from the school registration database of Hampton Roads. Ethics committee approval was given but required that names and addresses be passed to the researchers only after authority respondents had consented. Via their parents, all were sent an in formulaation sheet, questionnaire (to establish smoking status), consent form to be countersigned by a guardian, and a freepost return envelope. ResultsThrough the use and analysis of a questionnaire the researchers were able to determine tha t 75 of the adolescents studied were in situations withlow-parent involvement, which the researchers designated as the inattention group. Those subjects not in the Neglect group were labelled the Reference group. The most substantial observed difference between the Neglect and Reference groups indicated that individuals in the Neglect group, those with less parental involvement in their lives, possessed a weaker ability to resist social pressure to substance abuse. DiscussionThese numbers show a rising usage of even younger teens beginning to indulge in substances. According to ask the average age of substance experimentation is 14. This study examined the effects of parents talking to children about substances versus those parents who do not. There were a number of interesting findings from this study, one of which was that parents who ingest tended to converse more regularly about antismoking rules than did parents who didnt smoke in comparison, parents who drank spoke less reg ularly about rules regarding alcohol use than those that didnt drink. The study actually produced evidence that parental conversations with adolescents about rules and consequences for alcohol and tobacco use may have caused adolescents who had already tried smoking or drinking to increase their use. Finally, the study also showed that while communication had footling in the way of positive effects on adolescent tobacco and alcohol use parental modeling was a much break in predictor of an adolescents behavior. For example, parental smoking often led to adolescent tobacco and parental drinking forecasted the rise of alcohol use in many instances. The purpose of this study was to create parental involvement measurements applicable to a childs adolescent lifetime, to differentiate adolescents who were for all practical purposes neglected by their parents from others, and to examine the effects of parental involvement on adolescent behaviors involving drugs and alcoholLimitationThe li mitation that would effect this proposal would be the percent of money plant and integrity of the participants. Some participants may smell out reluctant to tell the truth either due to fear of parents finding out substance use, or the fear of being labeled. This lack of honesty has a major effect on the data collected from the study. likewise usingnon-probability sampling will result in limited generalizability of the findings. Implications bore Implications When I comes to training social workers on how to treat teens suffering from substance abuse, they have a great sense of which direction to demonstrate practice. as well allows social workers to understand the history as well at the inductive reasoning to initial substance use. Social workers are able to address adolescent clients from different system levels once they are aware of factors that lead teens to abuse substances. Profession As professionals, these findings help to guide practice in ways to better provide se rvices to teens who suffer from substance abuse and to create preventative methods to keep teens from abusing even in the absence of parental guidance. objective Population These findings give teens an understanding of how peer and parental influences play a major factor in their curiosity in substances Professional developing As a professional, this research has given me a sense of direction when it comes to treating and dealing with teens who may suffer from substance abuse. Also gives me a better understanding of the history of teen substance abuse and how if occurs. Recommendations for Future ResearchIn future research, study recommend to offer aid, support, and services for those teens who are founded to be abusing or using substances. If challenges are met early, there is a greater chance of transforming these habits. The goal is to strengthen the community through service delivery.ReferencesClark, D., Thatcher, D., & Maisto, S. (2004). Adolescent neglect and alcohol use diso rders in two-parent families. electric razor Maltreatment, 9(4), 357-370. Ennett, S., Bauman, K., Foshee, V., Pemberton, M., & Hicks, K. (2001). Parent-child communication about adolescent tobacco and alcohol use what do parents say and does it affect youth behavior? Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(1), 48-62. Farrell, A., & Kung, E. (2000). The role of parents and peers in early adolescent substance use an examination of mediating and moderating effects. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 9(4), 509-528.Highlights of Study by State on Youth Drug Use. (2007). Retrieved January 13, 2011, from http//www.adolescent-substance-abuse.com/state-stats.html Wood, M., Read, J., Mitchell, R., & Brand, N. (2004). Do parents still matter? Parent and peer influences on alcohol involvement among recent high school graduates. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18(1), 19-30.